¡Hola! ¡Bienvenido al blog de Celtis!, un lugar donde compartir toda la experiencia que vivimos día a día en nuestro centro de bienestar en Hortaleza, Madrid. Aquí podrás encontrar información y consejos tanto de fisioterapia, osteopatía, podología, pilates, yoga, baile, etc…
Esta semana vamos a hablar y conocer mejor la articulación COXOFEMORAL.
Esta articulación se encuentra a ambos lados de la cadera, uniendo el tronco con la extremidad inferior, se encarga de soportar el peso del cuerpo en posturas tanto estáticas como dinámicas.
Las lesiones más comunes de la cadera son: artritis, artrosis, fractura, trocanteritis, coxa valga, choque femoro-acetabular, rotura del labrum acetabular, enfermedad de perthes, displaia congénita, epifiosilis de la cabeza femoral, sinovitis transitoria, síndrome de cadera en resorte.
Esta articulación suele ser partícipe de disfunciones y alteraciones frecuentemente. Estas disfunciones tienden a ser secundarias a trastornos viscerales y de la postura. Provoca alteraciones funcionales a la zona lumbar del raquis, en las sacro iliacas, rodillas y en la fisiología muscular.
Anatomía:
· Cabeza femoral:
– Forma 2/3 de una esfera, menos una fosa para el ligamento redondo.
– Esta cubierta por cartílago hialino casi en su totalidad.
· Superficie Acetabular:
– Tiene forma de anillo incompleto, su parte más ancha se encuentra en la parte superior, y la parte más estrecha en el extremo púbico.
– En la parte más profunda nos encontramos con el rodete cotiloideo.
– Se forma por cuatro tipos de fibras: longitudinales, oblicuas, arciformes y circulares.
· Membrana sinovial:
– Empieza en el borde del cartílago articular de la cabeza femoral (tiene mucho volumen).
· Cápsula articular:
– Es fuerte y densa, su inserción se produce por arriba (en el borde del acetábulo), por delante (margen externo del rodete) y en la escotadura acetabular.
– Rodea el cuello femoral.
– Por delante está separada por una bolsa serosa del psoas mayor y del iliaco.
Movimientos de Cadera
Flexión de Cadera (Musculatura Implicada):
– Psoas iliaco
– Sartorio
– Recto anterior
– Tensor de la fascia lata
Extensión de Cadera (musculatura implicada):
- Glúteo mayor
- Isquiotibiales
- Aductor mayor
Abducción de Cadera (Musculatura Implicada):
- Glúteo mediano y menor
- Piramidal
- Tensor de la fascia lata
Aducción de Cadera (musculatura implicada):
- Aductores
- Isquiotibiales
- Cuadrado crural
Rotación Externa (musculatura implicada):
- Piramidal
- Obturadores
- Géminos
- Cuadrado crural
- Pectíneo
- Aductores
- Glúteo mayo
Rotación Interna (musculatura implicada):
- Glúteo menor
- Glúteo mediano
- Tensor de la fascia lata
Valoración
1. Descartar:
– Que haya alguna lesión (ósea, de ligamentos, capsular, bursas, etc…).
– Alteraciones oseas o articulares (infecciones, metabólicas), si hay sospecha pedir pruebas complementarias.
2. Conocer la biomecánica:
– Pélvica (sobretodo del iliaco).
– Fémur.
3. Conocer el patrón biomecánico de la articulación coxofemoral (cadenas abiertas y cerradas).
Muchas gracias por haberte interesado en nuestro post. Esperamos que te guste el contenido ofrecido y nos vemos en el próximo post donde hablaremos sobre el CRÁNEO ANTERIOR!
Si tienes alguna duda o sugerencia no dudes en escribirnos a:
Estamos en calle Ramonet-Madrid, cerca de Arturo Soria
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